Tensions militaires intenses secouent le Moyen-Orient depuis le week-end, après l’assassinat de l’ayatollah Ali Khamenei par des frappes conjointes des États-Unis et d’Israël. Les opérations ont visé des infrastructures militaires et des dirigeants iraniens, déclenchant une série de ripostes à grande échelle.
L’Iran a répondu en lançant missiles et drones sur Israël, Bahreïn, Koweït, Qatar, Émirats arabes unis, Jordanie, Arabie saoudite, Chypre et des navires transitant par le détroit d’Hormuz. Le groupe Hezbollah, allié de Téhéran, a également tiré des roquettes depuis le Liban, provoquant des frappes israéliennes en représailles.
Selon l’armée israélienne et des sources américaines, plusieurs hauts responsables iraniens ont été tués, dont le secrétaire du Conseil de défense Ali Shamkhani, le ministre de la Défense Brig. Gen. Aziz Nasirzadeh et le commandant du Corps des Gardiens de la révolution, Gen. Mohammad Pakpour. Un nouveau commandant en chef, Ahmad Vahidi, a été nommé par l’IRGC. Le Croissant-Rouge iranien fait état de 555 morts dans 130 sites, dont plus de 150 victimes lors d’une frappe sur une école du sud du pays.
Le président américain Donald Trump a justifié l’opération – baptisée Operation Epic Fury – par la volonté de détruire l’industrie balistique iranienne et d’empêcher l’accès de Téhéran à l’arme nucléaire. Il a également appelé les Iraniens à renverser le gouvernement. Le Premier ministre israélien Benjamin Netanyahu a affirmé que l’action visait à neutraliser une menace existentielle posée par le régime iranien.
Les frappes iraniennes ont touché des bases militaires américaines et britanniques, des villes côtières et des installations civiles, y compris des hôtels à Dubaï. Le bilan américain fait état de six soldats tués, 18 blessés et la perte de trois jets. Le ministère britannique de la Défense a confirmé un raid de drone sur la base d’Akrotiri à Chypre, sans victimes.
Le conflit a perturbé le trafic aérien régional et affecté les marchés énergétiques mondiaux. La production de gaz naturel au Qatar a été interrompue, et l’attaque sur la raffinerie Ras Tanura en Arabie saoudite a provoqué une hausse de 50 % des prix du gaz et du pétrole, Brent atteignant brièvement 82 $ le baril.
La succession à la direction suprême de l’Iran est en cours. Un conseil de transition, incluant le président Masoud Pezeshkian, le chef de la justice Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei et le religieux Alireza Arafi, assure l’intérim jusqu’à la désignation d’un nouveau guide par l’Assemblée des experts.
Les autorités américaines et britanniques recommandent aux voyageurs de quitter immédiatement la région. Plusieurs pays ont fermé leur espace aérien, et de nombreuses compagnies, dont Emirates, flydubai, British Airways et Wizz Air, ont suspendu ou annulé des vols vers le Moyen-Orient. Les opérations pourraient se poursuivre plusieurs semaines, selon les déclarations de Trump et Netanyahu.
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