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Avoirs russes gelés : Zelensky met l’UE sous pression

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Le président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky a lancé un avertissement appuyé aux dirigeants de l’Union européenne réunis à Bruxelles, les appelant à trouver rapidement un accord sur l’utilisation des avoirs russes gelés pour soutenir l’Ukraine.

Selon le chef de l’État, l’Ukraine risque de manquer de ressources financières dans les prochains mois. Sans un soutien rapide, Kiev pourrait être contrainte, dès le printemps, de réduire la production de drones, un élément clé de sa capacité militaire et de défense.

Au cœur des discussions figure un projet de prêt de plusieurs milliards d’euros adossé aux avoirs russes immobilisés dans l’Union européenne, estimés à environ 210 milliards d’euros. Une grande partie de ces fonds est détenue par Euroclear, une institution financière basée en Belgique. Jusqu’à présent, Bruxelles et certains États membres se sont montrés réticents, estimant qu’utiliser ces fonds comme « prêt de réparations » poserait des problèmes juridiques et politiques.

La Russie, de son côté, a fermement mis en garde l’Union européenne contre toute utilisation de ses actifs et a engagé une action en justice contre Euroclear devant un tribunal de Moscou pour tenter de récupérer ces fonds. Malgré ces pressions, plusieurs dirigeants européens plaident pour une décision rapide. Le Premier ministre polonais, Donald Tusk, a estimé que l’UE devait « être à la hauteur du moment ».

La présidente de la Commission européenne, Ursula von der Leyen, s’est montrée déterminée, affirmant que les dirigeants ne quitteraient pas le sommet sans solution. Un responsable européen a toutefois reconnu que l’optimisme restait prudent quant à l’issue des négociations.

L’attention se porte notamment sur le Premier ministre belge, Bart De Wever, dont le pays joue un rôle central en raison de la localisation d’Euroclear. Devant le Parlement belge, il a déclaré que si un accord clair et collectif était trouvé, la Belgique assumerait sa part de risque avec ses partenaires européens.

Ces discussions interviennent alors que les États-Unis évoquent une possible avancée vers la fin du conflit. Le président américain Donald Trump a affirmé qu’un accord de paix n’avait jamais été aussi proche. Des responsables américains et russes doivent se rencontrer prochainement à Miami pour poursuivre les échanges, tandis que des représentants ukrainiens se rendent également aux États-Unis.

Pour Volodymyr Zelensky, ces fonds européens sont essentiels, que ce soit pour soutenir l’effort militaire si la guerre se poursuit, ou pour financer la reconstruction du pays en cas d’avancée vers la paix. Moscou, en revanche, rejette toute initiative impliquant une force européenne soutenue par Washington et maintient un discours très critique à l’égard de l’Europe.

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