The Sudanese civil war, ongoing since April 2023, has entered a perilous new phase marked by the strategic deployment of drones. Both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have escalated their use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), leading to increased civilian casualties and significant infrastructure damage. This shift underscores the evolving nature of modern warfare in the region.
Emergence of Drone Warfare
Initially, drones were employed for reconnaissance missions. However, recent developments have seen both factions utilizing drones for offensive operations:
- RSF’s Drone Capabilities: The RSF has reportedly received advanced drones, including Serbian-made attack UAVs, enhancing their operational reach and lethality.
- SAF’s Countermeasures: In response, the SAF has acquired Iranian drones, bolstering their surveillance and strike capabilities.
Notable Drone Attacks
Several significant drone attacks have marked this new phase:
- Port Sudan Attacks: In early May 2025, RSF drones targeted Port Sudan, striking a fuel depot, military base, and civilian facilities, disrupting power and halting flights.
- Merowe Power Station: RSF drone strikes on Merowe’s power infrastructure caused widespread outages, affecting civilian life and military operations.
- Gedaref Power Station: A suicide drone attack on the Al-Shawak transformer station in Gedaref resulted in casualties and blackouts across eastern Sudan.
Impact on Civilians and Infrastructure
The escalation in drone warfare has had dire consequences:
- Civilian Casualties: Drone strikes have led to significant civilian deaths, including a reported 20 fatalities in North Darfur.
- Displacement: The intensified conflict has displaced over 13 million people, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.
- Infrastructure Damage: Key infrastructure, including power stations and airports, has been targeted, disrupting essential services and aid delivery.
International Involvement and Concerns
The involvement of foreign entities has raised international concerns:
- UAE’s Alleged Role: A leaked UN report suggests the UAE may have supplied arms to the RSF, though the UAE denies these allegations.
- Turkey’s Arms Supplies: Turkish defense company Baykar is reported to have supplied drones to the SAF, potentially violating international arms embargoes.
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