Nepal has lifted its nationwide social media ban following violent youth-led protests that left at least 19 people dead and nearly 400 injured, officials confirmed on Tuesday.
“Social media platforms have been opened, which was among the Gen Z’s demands. We are open to talk with the protesters,” said Minister for Communication Prithvi Subba Gurung.
The government had blocked access to Facebook, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), and 23 other platforms last week, citing “unregistered operations.” The move ignited outrage among young Nepalis, many of whom rely on digital platforms for news, communication, and business.
Deadly crackdown on protesters
On Monday, police launched one of the harshest crackdowns in years as thousands defied restrictions in Kathmandu and other cities. Protesters tore through barbed wire near parliament, burned tyres, and clashed with security forces.
Police confirmed 17 deaths in Kathmandu and two in Sunsari district. More than 100 police officers were among the injured.
“Nearly 20 people were murdered by the state — that shows the scale of police brutality,” said Yujan Rajbhandari, a 23-year-old student protester.
An eyewitness at Civil Hospital, Kathmandu, described scenes of chaos: “Tear gas entered the hospital area as well, making it difficult for doctors to work,” said hospital information officer Ranjana Nepal.
Government response
Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli, 73, convened an emergency cabinet meeting, after which the interior minister resigned. Oli expressed sorrow, writing:
“The government was not in favour of stopping the use of social media and will ensure an environment for its use.”
He also ordered the creation of an investigation committee into the killings.
International condemnation
Amnesty International accused security forces of using live ammunition, while the United Nations called for a “swift and transparent probe.”
Anger over inequality and corruption
Analysts say the protests go beyond digital freedom. With GDP per capita at just $1,447 (World Bank) and youth unemployment soaring, frustrations have grown.
Viral TikTok clips comparing the struggles of ordinary Nepalis with the lavish lifestyles of politicians’ children intensified the anger.
“This isn’t just about social media, it’s about trust, corruption, and a generation that refuses to stay silent,” wrote the Kathmandu Post in an editorial.
“Gen Z grew up with smartphones, global trends, and promises of a prosperous Nepal. For them, digital freedom is personal freedom. Cutting off access feels like silencing an entire generation.”
History of online restrictions
Nepal has repeatedly restricted internet platforms. It banned Telegram in July over fraud concerns and only lifted a nine-month TikTok ban last year after the company agreed to new compliance rules.
But this crisis is now seen as the bloodiest confrontation between Nepal’s state power and its digital-age youth.
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