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Top 10 Countries with the Most Government Debt in 2025

As of 2025, government debt remains a key marker of fiscal health, shaped by economic strategies and spending priorities. According to the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook (October 2025), here are the top ten countries with the highest government debt: United States – $38.27 trillionThe US has the world’s largest government debt, owing to decades of deficits and fiscal stimulus. Strong investor confidence keeps borrowing costs manageable. China – $18.68 trillionChina’s debt is driven by infrastructure investment and local government borrowing. Despite rising debt, substantial foreign reserves and investor demand stabilize costs. Japan – $9.83 trillionJapan exhibits one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios due to stimulus spending and an aging population. Low interest rates help service its debt, but demographic challenges remain. United Kingdom – $4.09 trillionThe UK’s debt results from pandemic recovery spending and social program commitments. Fiscal policies balance growth with […]

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IMF Mission in Togo Reviews $403 Million Credit Facility

Lomé, Sept. 29, 2025 – An International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission began work in Lomé on Monday as part of the third review of Togo’s Extended Credit Facility (ECF). The team, led by Hans Weisfeld, will remain in the country until October 10. $403 Million Support Program Approved in March 2024, the 42-month ECF arrangement provides SDR 293.6 million (about $403.4 million) in concessional financing. Its objectives include stabilizing Togo’s economy, strengthening debt sustainability, and accelerating structural reforms to support inclusive growth. So far, the IMF has disbursed about $129 million to Togo under the program. Key Issues Under Review Discussions between IMF experts and Togolese authorities will cover: Macroeconomic indicators: growth, inflation, and national accounts. Social performance: poverty reduction and support for vulnerable households. Fiscal reforms: implementation of the government’s energy subsidy adjustment plan. Possible New Disbursement A successful […]

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Survey: Nigerians among strongest supporters of global cooperation

Nigerians rank among the world’s top advocates for international cooperation, according to a new global survey by The Rockefeller Foundation. The poll, released ahead of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, found that 71% of Nigerian adults support nations working together to solve shared challenges. This places Nigeria in the top five globally, alongside India (81%), South Korea (73%), and Kenya (72%). South Africa followed closely with 70%. Why Nigerians support cooperation William Asiko, Vice President for Africa at The Rockefeller Foundation, said the findings reflect Nigeria’s awareness of global interdependence. “Africans want a system of international cooperation that is not only effective but also equitable,” he said. Ndidi Nwuneli, president of the ONE Campaign and a board member at the Foundation, stressed the importance of collective action at a time when trust in global institutions is waning. […]

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Kemi Badenoch warns UK risks repeat of 1976 IMF bailout crisis

Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch has warned that Britain could face a humiliating International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailout, drawing stark parallels with the 1976 sterling crisis. In a BBC interview, cited by PUNCH Online on Tuesday, Badenoch expressed concern that Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s Labour government was steering the country into a “doom loop” of high taxes, fragile public finances, and soaring borrowing costs. She argued that without a robust economic growth plan, the UK risked sliding into fiscal ruin that might force it to seek emergency international aid. “We are not growing enough. If Labour continues with no plan for growth, we’ll end up going to the IMF cap in hand,” Badenoch said. Her comments come amid heightened market jitters, with UK borrowing costs recently hitting a 27-year high before easing. Labour hit back sharply, branding Badenoch’s intervention “astonishing hypocrisy.” […]

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Africa’s Public Sector Workers Face Declining Wages: Survey Highlights Urgent Need for Reform

A recent survey reveals that public sector workers across Africa, particularly in health and education, are experiencing significant wage declines. The report underscores the pressing need for systemic reforms to address the financial hardships faced by these essential workers. Key Findings from the Survey The ActionAid report, titled The Human Cost of Public Sector Cuts in Africa, surveyed over 600 healthcare workers, teachers, and community members in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, and Nigeria. The findings are alarming: Wage Declines: Teachers' salaries have plummeted by between 10% and 50% over the past five years. Financial Struggles: An overwhelming 97% of health workers reported insufficient wages to cover basic needs like rent, food, and household expenses. Increased Workloads: Budget cuts have led to overwhelming workloads, with 70% of teachers and 85% of health workers feeling overburdened. Mental Health Impact: The financial […]

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BoG Governor leads Africa’s call for urgent debt restructuring at World Bank/IMF meeting

The Governor of the Bank of Ghana, Dr Johnson Asiama, speaking on behalf of African Governors, stressed that urgent international intervention is needed to prevent a full-blown economic crisis across the continent. Debt servicingDr Asiama revealed that nearly half of Sub-Saharan African countries are either at high risk of debt distress or already trapped in it.He noted with concern that many nations are now spending more on debt repayments than on essential services such as health and education. This alarming trend, he said, has been worsened by a combination of global shocks, including the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, climate disasters, and tightening financial conditions.“Africa’s per capita spending on interest payments now exceeds investments in health and education,” Dr Asiama said.He added: “This is unsustainable and demands immediate action from the international community.”Four-pronged solutionThe African Governors outlined […]

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Mahama to IMF and World Bank: Stay Out of Ghana’s Anti-LGBTQ Debate

In a recent Bloomberg interview, former President John Dramani Mahama urged multilateral institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to refrain from influencing Ghana’s domestic policies, particularly when it comes to the controversial anti-LGBTQ+ legislation currently under discussion in parliament. Mahama argued that these institutions should focus on their economic mandates and not impose cultural values on Ghana.Mahama’s comments came as speculation grew that the World Bank and IMF might withdraw financial support if Ghana proceeds with the anti-LGBTQ+ bill. Despite potential financial consequences, Mahama maintained that these institutions should not dictate cultural matters, emphasizing the diversity of cultures around the world.While Ghana’s parliament is considering a revised version of the anti-LGBTQ+ bill, Mahama advocated for broader stakeholder consultations to ensure inclusivity in decision-making. He also emphasized that promoting family values should be done through education, […]

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IMF Projects Ghana’s Debt to GDP Ratio Will Reach 83% by end of 2024

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has projected that Ghana's debt-to-GDP ratio will climb to 83% by the end of 2024, as detailed in its October 2024 fiscal monitor report during the ongoing IMF annual meetings in Washington, D.C. Currently, Ghana's debt stock exceeds GHS 760 million, equating to approximately 75% of GDP.Despite this increase, the IMF forecasts a steady decline in the debt-to-GDP ratio over the next five years, predicting it will drop to 69.7% by 2029. This optimistic outlook is based on anticipated improvements in Ghana's fiscal indicators.In addition to the debt projections, the IMF has maintained its economic growth forecast for Ghana at 3.1% for 2024, which aligns with the government’s end-year target. IMF Chief Economist Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas emphasized the importance of a “triple pivot” strategy—comprising easing monetary policy, rebuilding fiscal reserves, and implementing structural reforms—to ensure sustainable […]

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